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- $Unique_ID{BRK04157}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Purpura, Schonlein-Henoch; Allergic Purpura}
- $Subject{Purpura, Schonlein-Henoch Anaphylactoid Purpura Allergic Purpura
- Henoch-Shonlein Purpura Rheumatic Purpura Nonthrombocytopenic Idiopathic
- Purpura Peliosis Rheumatica Hemorrhagic Capillary Toxicosis Henoch's Purpura
- Shonlein's Purpura Scurvy Gardener-Diamond Syndrome Common Purpura}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 405:
- Purpura, Schonlein-Henoch
- Allergic Purpura
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Schonlein-Henoch Purpura)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next
- page to find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders
- covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Anaphylactoid Purpura
- Allergic Purpura
- Henoch-Shonlein Purpura
- Rheumatic Purpura
- Nonthrombocytopenic Idiopathic Purpura
- Peliosis Rheumatica
- Hemorrhagic Capillary Toxicosis
-
- DISORDER SUBDIVISIONS
-
- Henoch's Purpura
- Shonlein's Purpura
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Scurvy
- Gardener-Diamond Syndrome
- Common Purpura
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Shonlein-Henoch Purpura is one of a group of disorders characterized by
- purplish or brownish red discolorations on the skin. These spots may be
- large or small. Internal bleeding may occur in various areas of the body.
- This blood vessel disorder may affect the skin, joints, gastrointestinal
- system, kidneys, and in a very few cases the central nervous system. Little
- is known about the cause of this form of purpura although it may be an
- allergic reaction which more often occurs in children than in adults. Some
- cases of Shonlein-Henoch characterized by joint disease without
- gastrointestinal problems are termed Shonlein's Purpura. Another form
- characterized by acute abdominal symptoms but without joint disease is known
- as Henoch's Purpura. This disorder runs a limited course with a good
- prognosis in most cases.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The first symptom of Shonlein-Henoch Purpura is usually reddening of the
- skin, slight swelling and a rash (hives). These hives are associated with
- inflammation of small blood vessels and/or bleeding under the skin with a
- brown or reddish-purple appearance. The hives seem to appear on the buttocks
- and lower extremities in most cases but may spread and/or become more severe.
- Fever and a general feeling of discomfort or weakness may also be present.
- Blood and plasma may accumulate in the joints or abdomen producing acute
- local pain. Iron deficiency anemia may develop because of gastrointestinal
- bleeding. Other gastrointestinal disturbances such as vomiting or blood in
- the stool may also occur.
-
- Central nervous system complications of Shonlein-Henoch Purpura may
- include headaches, perceptual changes and/or seizures. Kidney inflammation
- or lesions, which occur in approximately ten percent of cases, may signify a
- more serious form of this type of purpura and can appear at any time during
- the course of this illness.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Shonlein-Henoch Purpura is unknown. Some medical
- researchers believe it may be an extreme allergic reaction to certain foods
- (such as chocolate, milk, eggs or beans), various drugs or insect bites in
- sensitive people.
-
- At times, infections of the upper respiratory tract or Rubella (German
- Measles) have preceded outbreaks of Shonlein-Henoch Purpura, but no definite
- link with viral infections has been proven.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Shonlein-Henoch Purpura is most commonly observed in children but can occur
- at any age. It appears to affect males slightly more often than females with
- a ratio of thirty-five males to twenty-five females in one study.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- The Purpuras are a group of disorders characterized by purplish or brownish
- red discolorations on the skin. These spots may be large or small and are
- caused by bleeding into the skin tissue where the spots appear.
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to Shonlein-Henoch
- Purpura. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Common Purpura is the most prevalent type of purpura and is characterized
- by the unusual appearance of spots (black and blue marks) that signify easy
- bruising. This inherited condition occurs most frequently in women over 50
- years of age, particularly those whose skin tissue has become thinner. In
- the absence of serious injury, unsightly bruises tend to appear rather than
- significant bleeding under the skin. Fragility of the blood vessels in
- affected individuals can lead to excessive bleeding following surgery or even
- minor injury. The blood vessel walls may also become thinner due to some
- types of illnesses, infection, hypothyroidism, and/or excessive exposure to
- certain drugs. No standard therapy has been found for treating common
- purpura although brief courses of corticosteroids may help reduce bleeding.
- Estrogen may be administered to affected women after menopause to help
- alleviate the tendency to bleed excessively. (To locate information on other
- types of purpura, or purpura as a symptom of other diseases, choose "purpura"
- as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Scurvy is a type of purpura due to deficiency of ascorbic acid (Vitamin
- C) in the diet. It is marked by weakness, anemia, spongy gums, a tendency to
- bleed under the skin and in the mucous membranes. Adequate Vitamin C in the
- diet can cure this disorder.
-
- Gardener-Diamond Syndrome is a type of purpura occurring chiefly in young
- women. Spontaneous, painful, recurrent blue or purplish spots may appear on
- any part of the body unrelated to apparent injury. It has been suggested
- that this disorder may be triggered by the body's immune system attacking a
- specific component of blood cells. Gardner-Diamond is also called "Painful
- Bruising Syndrome".
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- If a patient is found to be allergic to a substance which precipitated the
- attack of Shonlein-Henoch Purpura, that substance should be avoided. Other
- treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Mild cases in children tend to
- improve spontaneously with age. No specific therapy for cases with kidney
- involvement has been found, but hemodialysis may be of benefit in severe
- cases with renal failure.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Treatment with a combination of anticoagulants (heparin and acenocoumarol),
- corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive drugs has been tested for treatment of
- adults with severe cases of Shonlein-Henoch Purpura. Immunosuppressive drug
- therapy (cyclophosphamide) alone has been used in a few cases with some
- success. Plasmapheresis (a method for removing unwanted substances such as
- toxins, metabolic substances and plasma parts from the blood by separating
- plasma from blood cells has been tried. More research on the use of
- plasmapheresis as a treatment for Shonlein-Henoch Purpura is needed before
- effectiveness can be evaluated.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- February 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Shonlein-Henoch Purpura, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Kidney Foundation
- 2 Park Avenue
- New York, NY 10016
- (212) 889-2210
- (800) 622-9010
-
- American Kidney Fund
- 6110 Executive Blvd., Suite 1010
- Rockville, MD 20852
- (301) 881-3052
- (800) 638-8299
- (800) 492-8361 (MD)
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infections Diseases (NIAID)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-4236
-
- References
-
- SCHONLEIN-HENOCH SYNDROME IN ADULTS: D.A. Roth, et al.; Q J Med (May
- 1985, issue 55(217)). Pp. 145-152.
-
- CLINICAL ASPECTS OF THE NEPHROPATHY IN SCHONLEIN-HENOCH SYNDROME: E.
- Verrina, et al.; Pediatr Med Chir (May-June 1986, issue 8(3)). Pp. 317-320.
-
- NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SCHONLEIN-HENOCH PURPURA: REPORT OF
- THREE CASES AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE: A.L. Belman, et al.; Pediatrics
- (April 1985, issue 75(4)). Pp. 687-692.
-
-